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Elon Moreh () is an Israeli settlement located in the Samarian hills of the West Bank northeast of Nablus on the slopes of the Mount Kabir ridge. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. ==History== The history of the modern settlement named for Biblical Elon Moreh started in the mid-1970s when a group led by Rabbi Menachem Felix and Benny Katzover organized a pioneering group of dozens of families called ''Garin Elon Moreh'' in order to found a settlement in the Shechem area. Eight times, the group tried to choose a plot of land to settle but the Israeli government under Yitzchak Rabin, then in his first term, prevented these attempts - arguing that the settlers' main aim was to secure permanent Israeli possession of the territory and that such possession would preclude any possibility of peace with Jordan or a Palestinian state. However, Shimon Peres - then Defence Minister - was accused of clandestinely helping the settlers as part of his ongoing power struggle with Rabin. In 1975, after a controversial attempt to settle the area of Sebastia, the group was finally allowed to stay in the area by taking up residence on an army base called ''Kadum'' eleven kilometers west of Shechem, with the families living in an abandoned prison. In 1979, the government under Menachem Begin allowed them to take up residence south of Nablus, but an injunction by the Israeli Supreme Court stopped the plan, ruling that that land belonged to local Arabs and that the army had power to confiscate land only for pure military purposes, and not for civilian settlement of Israelis. At the time, several hundred Israeli activists of Peace Now besieged the settlement site for nearly twenty four hours, demanding the settlers' removal, and going away only when then Defence Minister Ezer Weizman arrived by helicopter and assured them the settlers would be removed. The site was dismantled and the group moved to the current location in 1980. The land on which it was erected were considered legally as "state lands" and therefore eligible for Israeli settlement. This legal interpretation was disputed, the Peace Now lawyers arguing that it constituted abuse of the Ottoman land law, by which common village lands were deemed to be the Sultan's property (whose ultimate heir was the Israeli military government); however, the law was not intended to give the Sultan the right to alienate the village lands and grant them to people outside the village, and was never so used during the centuries of Ottoman rule, or under the British and Jordanians who maintained the same law. However, in this case the Supreme Court accepted the state and the settlers' position, and the placing of the Elon Moreh settlers in the new location was upheld. This legal method of proclaiming West Bank village lands to be "state lands" was subsequently used to create many other West Bank settlements. In this, too, Elon Moreh was a precedent-setting case - a positive one in the eyes of some Israelis, an illegal one according to international law.〔Eyal Benvenisti, The Law of Occupation, 1993, pp. 107-148. Oxford University Press.〕 Later, all soldiers were evacuated from the Kadum army base and the land handed over the settlers located there, becoming the large settlement of Kedumim. The site south of Nablus which had been temporarily settled were eventually purchased and the village of Itamar was founded at that location. The present location of Elon Moreh was first settled on the Jewish holiday of Tu Bishvat, February 1980. It was the first settlement to be established in the northern West Bank after the Six-Day War. Over 1200 residents now live in the village. The village's primary school 'Nahalat Tzvi' is named after Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda Kook who had been the leader of Gush Emunim. Elon Moreh also has a hesder yeshiva, called ''Birkat Yosef'', with a couple of hundred students. The rosh yeshiva of the yeshiva is Rabbi Eliyakim Levanon who is also the chief rabbi of Elon Moreh and Shomron district. The present day settlement of Elon Moreh receives municipal services from the Shomron Regional Council and the closest neighboring settlements are Itamar, Har Bracha and Yitzhar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elon Moreh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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